| Dialect | Language | Population |
| Ad Dharmi | Punjabi, Eastern | 1,169,000 |
| Adi Andhra | Telugu | 345,000 |
| Adi Dravida | Tamil | 9,646,000 |
| Adi Karnataka | Kannada | 3,336,000 |
| Agamudaiyan Nattaman | Tamil | 745,000 |
| Agamudaiyan unspecified | Tamil | 293,000 |
| Agariya (Hindu traditions) | Agariya | 235,000 |
| Agri | Marathi | 494,000 |
| Aguri | Bengali | 589,000 |
| Ahar | Hindi | 1,655,000 |
| Aheria | Hindi | 192,000 |
| Ahom | Assamese | 1,942,000 |
| Amat | Hindi | 306,000 |
| Ambalavasi | Malayalam | 179,000 |
| Ambattan (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 203,000 |
| Andh | Marathi | 552,000 |
| Angami | Naga, Angami | 169,000 |
| Ao | Naga, Ao | 262,000 |
| Arain (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 314,000 |
| Arakh | Hindi | 677,000 |
| Arayan | Malayalam | 229,000 |
| Arleng | Karbi | 663,000 |
| Arora (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 4,532,000 |
| Arunthathiyar | Tamil | 1,151,000 |
| Arwa Mala | Tamil | 107,000 |
| Assamese (Muslim traditions) | Assamese | 3,043,000 |
| Badaga | Badaga | 248,000 |
| Badaik | Sadri | 134,000 |
| Badhai (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 7,449,000 |
| Badhi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 91,000 |
| Bagata | Telugu | 168,000 |
| Bagdi | Hindi | 393,000 |
| Bagdi (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 3,263,000 |
| Baghban (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 688,000 |
| Bahelia (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 205,000 |
| Bahna (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 942,000 |
| Baidya (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 335,000 |
| Baiga | Hindi | 646,000 |
| Bairagi (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 4,056,000 |
| Bairwa | Hindi | 1,126,000 |
| Balai (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,538,000 |
| Balija (Hindu traditions) | Kannada | 2,036,000 |
| Balija Bogam | Telugu | 86,000 |
| Balija Bolla | Telugu | 83,000 |
| Bangali (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 83,000 |
| Bania Agarwal | Hindi | 5,543,000 |
| Bania Agrahari | Hindi | 363,000 |
| Bania Ajudhyabansi | Hindi | 111,000 |
| Bania Bais | Hindi | 147,000 |
| Bania Barahseni | Hindi | 124,000 |
| Bania Bijabargi | Hindi | 111,000 |
| Bania Chetti | Tamil | 828,000 |
| Bania Dhusar | Hindi | 225,000 |
| Bania Gahoi | Hindi | 387,000 |
| Bania Gandha Banik | Bengali | 333,000 |
| Bania Gujar | Gujarati | 214,000 |
| Bania Jaiswal | Hindi | 135,000 |
| Bania Kasarwani | Hindi | 472,000 |
| Bania Kasaundhan | Hindi | 566,000 |
| Bania Khandelwal | Hindi | 105,000 |
| Bania Khatri | Bengali | 231,000 |
| Bania Komti | Telugu | 2,012,000 |
| Bania Lad | Gujarati | 150,000 |
| Bania Mahajan | Hindi | 212,000 |
| Bania Mahesri | Hindi | 410,000 |
| Bania Mahur | Hindi | 978,000 |
| Bania Modh | Gujarati | 85,000 |
| Bania Nima | Hindi | 95,000 |
| Bania Oswal | Hindi | 473,000 |
| Bania Porwal | Hindi | 366,000 |
| Bania Rauniar | Hindi | 150,000 |
| Bania Saraogi | Hindi | 85,000 |
| Bania Srimali | Gujarati | 407,000 |
| Bania Subarna Banik | Bengali | 190,000 |
| Bania Trivarnika Vaisya | Telugu | 92,000 |
| Bania Ummad | Hindi | 337,000 |
| Bania unspecified | Hindi | 19,328,000 |
| Banijiga | Kannada | 849,000 |
| Banjara (Hindu traditions) | Lambadi | 7,042,000 |
| Banjara Charan | Lambadi | 131,000 |
| Banjara Rathod (Hindu traditions) | Lambadi | 495,000 |
| Bansphor (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 173,000 |
| Bantar | Maithili | 153,000 |
| Baori | Hindi | 434,000 |
| Barahar | Hindi | 138,000 |
| Bari (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 716,000 |
| Baria (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 292,000 |
| Basor | Hindi | 1,037,000 |
| Bathudi | Odia | 258,000 |
| Bauri | Bengali | 2,230,000 |
| Bawaria (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 185,000 |
| Bazigar (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 370,000 |
| Bedar (Hindu traditions) | Kannada | 2,753,000 |
| Bedar Bile | Kannada | 126,000 |
| Bedar Kakamundi | Telugu | 112,000 |
| Bedar Kare | Kannada | 121,000 |
| Bedar Naik Makkalu | Kannada | 123,000 |
| Bedia (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 630,000 |
| Beldar (Hindu traditions) | Kannada | 2,268,000 |
| Bhaina | Chhattisgarhi | 89,000 |
| Bhandari | Odia | 730,000 |
| Bhansala | Marathi | 313,000 |
| Bhar | Bhojpuri | 2,304,000 |
| Bharbhunja (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,381,000 |
| Bharia Bhumia | Hindi | 362,000 |
| Bhat (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,565,000 |
| Bhathiara (Muslim traditions) | Hindi | 211,000 |
| Bhatia (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 264,000 |
| Bhattra | Bhatri | 351,000 |
| Bhil Barela | Hindi | 1,187,000 |
| Bhil Dhanka | Gujarati | 338,000 |
| Bhil Dubla | Gujarati | 128,000 |
| Bhil Mankar | Hindi | 257,000 |
| Bhil Mavchi (Hindu traditions) | Bhili | 562,000 |
| Bhil Mina | Wagdi | 122,000 |
| Bhil Nihal | Hindi | 373,000 |
| Bhil Paware | Marathi | 116,000 |
| Bhil Rathia | Gujarati | 94,000 |
| Bhil Tadvi | Dangi | 527,000 |
| Bhil unspecified | Gujarati | 16,567,000 |
| Bhil Vasave | Vasavi | 1,230,000 |
| Bhisti | Hindi | 617,000 |
| Bhogta | Hindi | 287,000 |
| Bhoi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 6,715,000 |
| Bhoi Kharbind | Hindi | 583,000 |
| Bhoi Kharot | Hindi | 203,000 |
| Bhoi Mallah Mewat | Hindi | 691,000 |
| Bhotia Sikkim | Sikkimese | 95,000 |
| Bhottada | Kuvi | 522,000 |
| Bhoyar | Hindi | 242,000 |
| Bhuinhar | Hindi | 1,110,000 |
| Bhuinmali | Bengali | 180,000 |
| Bhuiya Ghatwar | Hindi | 353,000 |
| Bhuiya unspecified | Hindi | 1,711,000 |
| Bhulia | Odia | 164,000 |
| Bhumia | Odia | 179,000 |
| Bhumij | Bengali | 1,262,000 |
| Biar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 426,000 |
| Bidur | Marathi | 404,000 |
| Bind | Bhojpuri | 1,126,000 |
| Binjhal | Odia | 155,000 |
| Binjhia | Hindi | 202,000 |
| Bishnoi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 748,000 |
| Bishnupriya Manipuri | Bishnupuriya | 98,000 |
| Bodo (Hindu traditions) | Boro (India) | 1,642,000 |
| Bohra | Gujarati | 1,249,000 |
| Boria Assam | Assamese | 208,000 |
| Boya | Telugu | 4,518,000 |
| Bru | Kok Borok | 232,000 |
| Budega Jangam | Telugu | 348,000 |
| Buna (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 475,000 |
| Byari (Beary) | Konkani | 512,000 |
| Chadar | Hindi | 160,000 |
| Chain | Bengali | 589,000 |
| Chakhesang | Naga, Chokri | 177,000 |
| Chakkiliyan (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 967,000 |
| Chakma | Chakma | 247,000 |
| Chalvadi | Kannada | 254,000 |
| Chamar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 51,679,000 |
| Charan (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 356,000 |
| Chasadhobi | Bengali | 108,000 |
| Chaudhari, tribal | Gujarati | 341,000 |
| Chaupal | Hindi | 101,000 |
| Chenchu | Telugu | 79,000 |
| Chenna Dasar | Kannada | 84,000 |
| Chero | Hindi | 180,000 |
| Cheruman (Hindu traditions) | Malayalam | 422,000 |
| Chhimba (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 146,000 |
| Chhipa (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 508,000 |
| Chik (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 124,000 |
| Chik Baraik | Sadri | 137,000 |
| Dabgar (Hindu traditions) | Marathi | 130,000 |
| Dagi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 154,000 |
| Damor | Bhili | 106,000 |
| Dangi | Hindi | 801,000 |
| Daroga (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,151,000 |
| Darzi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,817,000 |
| Darzi Namdev (Hindu traditions) | Telugu | 142,000 |
| Darzi Sribastab (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 139,000 |
| Deshwali (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 205,000 |
| Devadiga (Hindu traditions) | Tulu | 172,000 |
| Devanga | Kannada | 552,000 |
| Devendrakulathan | Tamil | 98,000 |
| Devipujak Vaghri (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 631,000 |
| Dewar | Odia | 1,142,000 |
| Dhakad | Hindi | 806,000 |
| Dhangar Bharwad | Gujarati | 3,143,000 |
| Dhanka | Gujarati | 468,000 |
| Dhanuk | Hindi | 4,739,000 |
| Dhanuk Dhankar | Hindi | 83,000 |
| Dharkar | Hindi | 156,000 |
| Dhimar | Hindi | 2,135,000 |
| Dhobi Ajudhyabansi | Hindi | 219,000 |
| Dhobi Batham | Hindi | 452,000 |
| Dhobi Kanaujia | Hindi | 544,000 |
| Dhobi Kathiya | Hindi | 119,000 |
| Dhobi Mathuria | Hindi | 194,000 |
| Dhobi Parit | Marathi | 286,000 |
| Dhobi Sribastab | Hindi | 199,000 |
| Dhodia | Gujarati | 768,000 |
| Dholi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 268,000 |
| Dhor | Marathi | 169,000 |
| Dom (Dombara) | Telugu | 83,000 |
| Dom (Hindu traditions) | Odia | 2,429,000 |
| Dom Murdafarash | Odia | 199,000 |
| Dubla Talavia | Dubli | 328,000 |
| Dubla unspecified | Dubli | 523,000 |
| Dulia | Bengali | 453,000 |
| Dusadh (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 6,325,000 |
| Dusadh Bahelia | Hindi | 778,000 |
| Faqir | Hindi | 101,000 |
| Gadaba | Telugu | 154,000 |
| Gadaria (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 5,472,000 |
| Gadaria Dhingar | Hindi | 1,335,000 |
| Gadaria Nikhad | Hindi | 1,530,000 |
| Gaddi (Hindu traditions) | Dogri | 263,000 |
| Galong | Adi, Galo | 91,000 |
| Gamit | Gamit | 514,000 |
| Ganda | Odia | 1,424,000 |
| Gandla | Telugu | 84,000 |
| Gangakula | Kannada | 1,749,000 |
| Garasia | Garasia, Adiwasi | 435,000 |
| Garo (A-chik Mande) | Garo | 1,241,000 |
| Garoda (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 141,000 |
| Gauda | Odia | 2,295,000 |
| Gauda, tribe | Konkani | 120,000 |
| Gawaria | Hindi | 99,000 |
| Ghanchi (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 128,000 |
| Ghasiya (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 500,000 |
| Ghirth (Hindu traditions) | Mandeali | 153,000 |
| Ghosi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 328,000 |
| Ghusuria | Hindi | 106,000 |
| Giddikki | Konkani | 81,000 |
| Goanese | Konkani, Goan | 660,000 |
| Gokha | Odia | 248,000 |
| Golla | Odia | 155,000 |
| Gond Dhuriya | Duruwa | 188,000 |
| Gond Dorla | Odia | 182,000 |
| Gond Jhare | Gondi, Northern | 114,000 |
| Gond Maria | Gondi, Northern | 1,706,000 |
| Gond Muria | Hindi | 774,000 |
| Gond Nagawasi | Hindi | 172,000 |
| Gond Rajgond | Gondi, Northern | 1,375,000 |
| Gond unspecified | Hindi | 11,528,000 |
| Gondaru | Kannada | 109,000 |
| Gonrhi | Hindi | 911,000 |
| Goriya (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 367,000 |
| Gosain Dasnami | Hindi | 457,000 |
| Gosain unspecified | Hindi | 1,567,000 |
| Gowari | Marathi | 551,000 |
| Gujar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 8,092,000 |
| Guria | Odia | 830,000 |
| Hadi | Bengali | 1,105,000 |
| Hajang | Bengali | 91,000 |
| Halba | Marathi | 825,000 |
| Halwai (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,632,000 |
| Halwai Maira | Hindi | 141,000 |
| Halwakki Wakkal | Kannada | 155,000 |
| Hanabar | Tulu | 86,000 |
| Hatkar | Marathi | 397,000 |
| Hijda | Hindi | 201,000 |
| Hill Pulayan | Tamil | 114,000 |
| Hmar | Hmar | 111,000 |
| Ho | Ho | 1,213,000 |
| Holar | Marathi | 183,000 |
| Holaya | Kannada | 914,000 |
| Idayan | Tamil | 81,000 |
| Ilavan | Malayalam | 6,537,000 |
| Illemei | Naga, Mao | 108,000 |
| Irular | Irula | 252,000 |
| Jamatia | Kok Borok | 94,000 |
| Jat (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 18,264,000 |
| Jat Ahlawat (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 96,000 |
| Jat Barh (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 113,000 |
| Jat Chahil (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 175,000 |
| Jat Dagar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 148,000 |
| Jat Dalal (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 136,000 |
| Jat Dehia (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 310,000 |
| Jat Deswal | Hindi | 84,000 |
| Jat Dhariwal (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 190,000 |
| Jat Dhillon (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 179,000 |
| Jat Gahlot (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 88,000 |
| Jat Ghatwal (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 217,000 |
| Jat Gil (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 266,000 |
| Jat Hela | Hindi | 258,000 |
| Jat Jakhar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 112,000 |
| Jat Mann (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 186,000 |
| Jat Pachhade (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 345,000 |
| Jat Pawania | Hindi | 111,000 |
| Jat Rathi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 134,000 |
| Jat Sahrawat (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 145,000 |
| Jat Sangwan (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 122,000 |
| Jat Sheoran | Hindi | 97,000 |
| Jat Sidhu (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 447,000 |
| Jat Sindhu (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 377,000 |
| Jat Sirohi | Hindi | 87,000 |
| Jat Thakurela | Hindi | 142,000 |
| Jatapu | Telugu | 161,000 |
| Jaunsari | Jaunsari | 105,000 |
| Jhalo Malo | Bengali | 459,000 |
| Jhinwar (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 660,000 |
| Jhojha (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 194,000 |
| Jimdar | Bengali | 94,000 |
| Jogi (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 3,752,000 |
| Julaha | Hindi | 933,000 |
| Kabadi | Hindi | 81,000 |
| Kabirpanthi | Punjabi, Eastern | 92,000 |
| Kachari (Hindu traditions) | Marathi | 93,000 |
| Kachari Dimasa | Dimasa | 164,000 |
| Kachari Sonwal | Assamese | 311,000 |
| Kachhi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 5,616,000 |
| Kachhi Kachhwaha | Hindi | 1,346,000 |
| Kachhi Saksena | Hindi | 681,000 |
| Kachhia (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 126,000 |
| Kadar | Hindi | 131,000 |
| Kadia (Hindu traditions) | Kannada | 170,000 |
| Kahar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 9,362,000 |
| Kahar (Muslim traditions) | Hindi | 93,000 |
| Kahar Kamkar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 237,000 |
| Kaibartta Jalia | Bengali | 514,000 |
| Kaibartta unspecified | Bengali | 1,860,000 |
| Kaikadi | Kannada | 381,000 |
| Kaikolan | Tamil | 2,793,000 |
| Kalal (Hindu traditions) | Telugu | 2,955,000 |
| Kalal Idiga | Telugu | 1,996,000 |
| Kalbelia | Hindi | 181,000 |
| Kalingi | Odia | 308,000 |
| Kallan Tondaman | Tamil | 512,000 |
| Kallan unspecified | Tamil | 1,104,000 |
| Kalu | Bengali | 292,000 |
| Kalwar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 3,049,000 |
| Kalwar Jaiswal | Hindi | 1,091,000 |
| Kalwar Sunri | Hindi | 668,000 |
| Kamathi | Telugu | 241,000 |
| Kamboh (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 661,000 |
| Kammara | Telugu | 148,000 |
| Kanakkan | Malayalam | 287,000 |
| Kandra | Odia | 750,000 |
| Kandu | Hindi | 2,671,000 |
| Kaniyan | Malayalam | 115,000 |
| Kanjar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 238,000 |
| Kaora | Bengali | 331,000 |
| Kapali | Bengali | 353,000 |
| Kapu Reddi | Telugu | 4,059,000 |
| Kapu unspecified | Telugu | 15,842,000 |
| Karan | Odia | 598,000 |
| Karmali | Maithili | 145,000 |
| Karnam | Odia | 94,000 |
| Kasar (Hindu traditions) | Marathi | 747,000 |
| Kathodi | Marathi | 354,000 |
| Katia | Hindi | 247,000 |
| Kavara | Tamil | 87,000 |
| Kawar | Hindi | 1,127,000 |
| Kayastha (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 8,297,000 |
| Kayastha Karan | Bengali | 610,000 |
| Kayastha Saksena | Hindi | 334,000 |
| Kayastha Sribastab | Hindi | 1,073,000 |
| Khadala | Odia | 132,000 |
| Khairwar | Bengali | 472,000 |
| Khalpa | Gujarati | 134,000 |
| Khambu | Bengali | 385,000 |
| Khandait | Odia | 1,991,000 |
| Khangar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 384,000 |
| Kharia | Kharia | 853,000 |
| Kharva (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 467,000 |
| Kharwar | Hindi | 643,000 |
| Khasi | Khasi | 1,405,000 |
| Khati (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,844,000 |
| Khatik (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,547,000 |
| Khatri (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,648,000 |
| Khatwa | Hindi | 307,000 |
| Khavar | Gujarati | 164,000 |
| Khetauri | Hindi | 128,000 |
| Khoja | Gujarati | 477,000 |
| Kir (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 82,000 |
| Kirar | Hindi | 1,014,000 |
| Kisan | Hindi | 1,752,000 |
| Kodaga | Kodava | 128,000 |
| Koiri (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 9,241,000 |
| Kokna | Kukna | 1,220,000 |
| Kol | Hindi | 1,992,000 |
| Kolha | Ho | 800,000 |
| Koli (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,526,000 |
| Koli Dhor | Marathi | 464,000 |
| Koli Mahadev | Marathi | 1,888,000 |
| Koli Malhar | Marathi | 352,000 |
| Koli of Gujarat | Gujarati | 9,278,000 |
| Koli of Sind (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 86,000 |
| Koli Patelia | Gujarati | 524,000 |
| Koli, tribe | Gujarati | 135,000 |
| Kolowar | Kolami, Northwestern | 275,000 |
| Kolta | Odia | 755,000 |
| Konai | Bengali | 144,000 |
| Konda Dhora | Telugu | 276,000 |
| Konda Reddi | Telugu | 175,000 |
| Konyak | Naga, Konyak | 270,000 |
| Koracha, caste | Kannada | 87,000 |
| Korama unspecified | Kannada | 157,000 |
| Kori | Hindi | 2,913,000 |
| Korku | Korku | 1,138,000 |
| Korwa | Telugu | 503,000 |
| Koshti | Marathi | 1,256,000 |
| Kotwal | Hindi | 111,000 |
| Koya unspecified | Telugu | 885,000 |
| Kudumi | Tamil | 330,000 |
| Kui Dongria | Odia | 186,000 |
| Kui Khond | Odia | 1,788,000 |
| Kui Kuvi | Odia | 240,000 |
| Kui Sitha | Odia | 140,000 |
| Kuki Chin | Chin, Thado | 160,000 |
| Kumhar Bardiha | Hindi | 732,000 |
| Kumhar Kanaujia | Hindi | 576,000 |
| Kumhar Magahia | Odia | 208,000 |
| Kumhar Mathuria | Hindi | 79,000 |
| Kumhar, Kusavar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 18,002,000 |
| Kunbi (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 17,758,000 |
| Kunbi Anjna | Gujarati | 437,000 |
| Kunbi Ghatole | Marathi | 245,000 |
| Kunbi Jadav | Marathi | 187,000 |
| Kunbi Kadwa | Gujarati | 1,323,000 |
| Kunbi Khaire | Marathi | 81,000 |
| Kunbi Konkani | Konkani, Goan | 753,000 |
| Kunbi Lewa | Gujarati | 2,264,000 |
| Kunbi Lonari | Marathi | 114,000 |
| Kunbi Tirole | Marathi | 377,000 |
| Kunchatiga | Kannada | 427,000 |
| Kuravan (Hindu traditions) | Malayalam | 478,000 |
| Kurmi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 21,602,000 |
| Kurmi Mahato | Bengali | 288,000 |
| Kuruba | Kannada | 4,689,000 |
| Kutana | Hindi | 589,000 |
| Laheri (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 86,000 |
| Lakhera | Hindi | 215,000 |
| Lingayat | Kannada | 3,867,000 |
| Lodha (Hindu traditions, tribal) | Bengali | 146,000 |
| Lodha (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 6,984,000 |
| Lodha Jariya | Hindi | 1,695,000 |
| Lohana | Gujarati | 658,000 |
| Lohar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 10,857,000 |
| Lohara | Sadri | 295,000 |
| Loi | Meitei | 97,000 |
| Lotha | Naga, Lotha | 201,000 |
| Lunia (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 3,629,000 |
| Machhi (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 888,000 |
| Madari (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 292,000 |
| Madiga (Hindu traditions) | Telugu | 8,894,000 |
| Mahali | Bengali | 101,000 |
| Mahanta | Bengali | 104,000 |
| Mahar (Buddhist traditions) | Marathi | 10,733,000 |
| Mahishya | Bengali | 11,690,000 |
| Mahli | Marathi | 459,000 |
| Mahratta Gomatang | Marathi | 83,000 |
| Mahratta Jadhav | Marathi | 3,150,000 |
| Mahratta Konkani | Marathi | 635,000 |
| Mahratta Kunbi | Gujarati | 8,575,000 |
| Mahratta Pawar | Marathi | 687,000 |
| Mahratta Shinde | Marathi | 624,000 |
| Mahratta unspecified | Marathi | 35,656,000 |
| Mahtam (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 156,000 |
| Mahyavanshi | Gujarati | 1,878,000 |
| Majhi | Hindi | 135,000 |
| Majhwar | Hindi | 210,000 |
| Mal (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,981,000 |
| Mala (Hindu traditions) | Telugu | 6,486,000 |
| Mala Pulayan | Telugu | 80,000 |
| Mala Sale | Telugu | 148,000 |
| Malabar Catholic | Malayalam | 3,018,000 |
| Malayali | Tamil | 420,000 |
| Mali (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 13,455,000 |
| Mali Bhagirathi | Hindi | 94,000 |
| Mallah (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 3,521,000 |
| Mallah Chain (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 373,000 |
| Mallah Kewat (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 337,000 |
| Malto | Mal Paharia | 214,000 |
| Mana | Marathi | 278,000 |
| Mang Garudi | Marathi | 87,000 |
| Mangala | Telugu | 2,195,000 |
| Manihar | Hindi | 642,000 |
| Mannan, caste | Malayalam | 315,000 |
| Mansoori | Gujarati | 100,000 |
| Mappila | Malayalam | 9,848,000 |
| Marata | Tulu | 98,000 |
| Maravan | Tamil | 3,621,000 |
| Markande | Hindi | 87,000 |
| Matang (Hindu traditions) | Marathi | 2,922,000 |
| Matia | Bengali | 238,000 |
| Mawasi | Hindi | 123,000 |
| Meena | Hindi | 5,210,000 |
| Megh (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 4,454,000 |
| Meitei Kshatriya | Meitei | 135,000 |
| Meitei Thanga | Meitei | 134,000 |
| Meitei unspecified | Meitei | 1,608,000 |
| Memon | Gujarati | 684,000 |
| Meo (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 304,000 |
| Mer | Hindi | 90,000 |
| Miana | Gujarati | 81,000 |
| Mirasi (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 239,000 |
| Mirdhas (Hindu traditions) | Odia | 153,000 |
| Miri | Mising | 783,000 |
| Mizo | Mizo | 162,000 |
| Mizo Lushai | Mizo | 637,000 |
| Mochi (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 2,195,000 |
| Moger unspecified | Kannada | 148,000 |
| Molesalam | Gujarati | 103,000 |
| Momna | Gujarati | 183,000 |
| Mukkuvan (Hindu traditions) | Malayalam | 179,000 |
| Munda | Mundari | 4,094,000 |
| Munnur | Telugu | 949,000 |
| Murao (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,737,000 |
| Musahar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 3,532,000 |
| Mutrasi | Telugu | 1,138,000 |
| Nadar (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 3,404,000 |
| Naga Tangkhul | Naga, Tangkhul (India) | 224,000 |
| Nagar | Bengali | 172,000 |
| Nagarchi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 169,000 |
| Nai (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 13,626,000 |
| Nai (Sikh traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 369,000 |
| Nai Mathuria | Hindi | 183,000 |
| Naikda | Kannada | 4,288,000 |
| Nair | Malayalam | 7,589,000 |
| Nair Anthur | Malayalam | 145,000 |
| Namassej (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 4,371,000 |
| Namassej Chandel | Bengali | 1,627,000 |
| Nat (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 573,000 |
| Navithan | Tamil | 914,000 |
| Nayadi | Gujarati | 96,000 |
| Nyishi | Nyishi | 281,000 |
| Oraon | Kurux | 5,076,000 |
| Paik | Odia | 247,000 |
| Paliya | Bengali | 137,000 |
| Pallan (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 2,756,000 |
| Pan | Odia | 1,532,000 |
| Panan | Tamil | 264,000 |
| Panika | Chhattisgarhi | 1,195,000 |
| Paniyan | Paniya | 112,000 |
| Paraiyan (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 2,473,000 |
| Paravan (Hindu traditions) | Malayalam | 98,000 |
| Pardhan | Pardhan | 358,000 |
| Pardhi | Pardhi | 410,000 |
| Parja unspecified | Odia | 445,000 |
| Parsee | Gujarati | 88,000 |
| Pashtun Ghauri | Hindi | 408,000 |
| Pashtun Khan | Bengali | 120,000 |
| Pashtun Lodhi (Dalazak) | Hindi | 674,000 |
| Pasi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 6,674,000 |
| Pasi Gujar | Hindi | 723,000 |
| Pasi Kaithwan | Hindi | 985,000 |
| Pasi Rajpasi | Hindi | 1,508,000 |
| Patelia | Gujarati | 135,000 |
| Patni (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 256,000 |
| Patralu | Odia | 137,000 |
| Patwa (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 293,000 |
| Perka | Telugu | 208,000 |
| Perumannan | Malayalam | 100,000 |
| Pnar | Khasi | 314,000 |
| Poumai | Naga, Poumai | 145,000 |
| Poundra | Bengali | 3,368,000 |
| Prabhu Kayastha | Marathi | 309,000 |
| Pulayan Thanda | Malayalam | 142,000 |
| Pulayan unspecified | Malayalam | 1,253,000 |
| Pundari | Bengali | 314,000 |
| Qassab | Hindi | 1,215,000 |
| Rabari (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 1,195,000 |
| Rabha | Assamese | 415,000 |
| Raddi | Kannada | 86,000 |
| Raigar | Wagdi | 1,009,000 |
| Rajaka Dhobi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 13,770,000 |
| Rajbansi (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 5,661,000 |
| Rajbhar | Hindi | 84,000 |
| Rajput (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 31,412,000 |
| Rajput Agnivansi | Hindi | 229,000 |
| Rajput Bachgoti | Hindi | 175,000 |
| Rajput Bachhal (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 103,000 |
| Rajput Baghel (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 173,000 |
| Rajput Bais (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,506,000 |
| Rajput Bargujar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 231,000 |
| Rajput Bhadauria | Hindi | 292,000 |
| Rajput Bhatti (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,004,000 |
| Rajput Bisen (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 336,000 |
| Rajput Bundela | Hindi | 108,000 |
| Rajput Chandel | Hindi | 383,000 |
| Rajput Chandrabansi | Hindi | 119,000 |
| Rajput Chauhan (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 3,422,000 |
| Rajput Dikhit | Hindi | 299,000 |
| Rajput Gahlot (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 647,000 |
| Rajput Garewal (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 362,000 |
| Rajput Garhwali | Garhwali | 628,000 |
| Rajput Garhwali Jimdar | Garhwali | 122,000 |
| Rajput Gaur | Hindi | 752,000 |
| Rajput Gautam (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 431,000 |
| Rajput Jadon | Hindi | 670,000 |
| Rajput Jadu | Hindi | 327,000 |
| Rajput Janjua (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 97,000 |
| Rajput Janwar | Hindi | 86,000 |
| Rajput Kachhwaha | Hindi | 801,000 |
| Rajput Kanet | Kangri | 752,000 |
| Rajput Katheriya | Hindi | 183,000 |
| Rajput Khasiya | Garhwali | 150,000 |
| Rajput Kumaoni | Hindi | 569,000 |
| Rajput Kumaoni Thakur | Hindi | 97,000 |
| Rajput Mahratta (Hindu traditions) | Marathi | 89,000 |
| Rajput Manihas (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 287,000 |
| Rajput Nau | Hindi | 308,000 |
| Rajput Paik | Hindi | 107,000 |
| Rajput Parihar | Hindi | 450,000 |
| Rajput Ponwar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,444,000 |
| Rajput Pundir (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 205,000 |
| Rajput Raikwar | Hindi | 89,000 |
| Rajput Rajbansi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 520,000 |
| Rajput Rajkumar | Hindi | 114,000 |
| Rajput Rathi | Hindi | 186,000 |
| Rajput Rathor (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,599,000 |
| Rajput Rawa | Hindi | 105,000 |
| Rajput Rawat | Hindi | 103,000 |
| Rajput Saithwar | Bhojpuri | 535,000 |
| Rajput Sakarwar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 227,000 |
| Rajput Salehria (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 123,000 |
| Rajput Sengar | Hindi | 453,000 |
| Rajput Sisodia | Hindi | 131,000 |
| Rajput Solanki | Hindi | 345,000 |
| Rajput Sombansi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 386,000 |
| Rajput Surajbansi | Hindi | 293,000 |
| Rajput Thakur | Kangri | 79,000 |
| Rajput Tonwar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 513,000 |
| Raju | Bengali | 693,000 |
| Rajwar | Hindi | 686,000 |
| Ramdasia (Hindu traditions) | Punjabi, Eastern | 274,000 |
| Ramoshi | Marathi | 362,000 |
| Rangrez (Hindu traditions) | Marathi | 402,000 |
| Rathawa | Rathawi | 736,000 |
| Rathia (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 776,000 |
| Rautia | Hindi | 140,000 |
| Ravalia | Gujarati | 598,000 |
| Ravidas Chamar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,583,000 |
| Rawal (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 195,000 |
| Rawat | Hindi | 879,000 |
| Razu | Telugu | 538,000 |
| Rehar | Hindi | 103,000 |
| Relli | Telugu | 166,000 |
| Rengma | Naga, Southern Rengma | 79,000 |
| Rongkup-Lepcha | Lepcha | 88,000 |
| Rongmei | Naga, Inpui | 112,000 |
| Sagarbanshi | Odia | 199,000 |
| Sahariya | Hindi | 975,000 |
| Saini (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 804,000 |
| Sali | Kannada | 1,188,000 |
| Salvi | Mewari | 105,000 |
| Samagara | Kannada | 101,000 |
| Sangtam | Naga, Sangtam | 86,000 |
| Sankara | Bengali | 91,000 |
| Sansi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 249,000 |
| Santal (Sawntal) | Santhali | 8,505,000 |
| Saora unspecified | Odia | 1,074,000 |
| Sargara | Marwari (India) | 162,000 |
| Satani | Telugu | 489,000 |
| Satnami | Hindi | 2,001,000 |
| Sauntia | Odia | 93,000 |
| Saur | Hindi | 172,000 |
| Segidi | Telugu | 108,000 |
| Sema | Naga, Sumi | 274,000 |
| Shabar | Odia | 599,000 |
| Shaikh Nashya | Bengali | 145,000 |
| Shaikh Siddiqi | Bengali | 8,533,000 |
| Shenva (Hindu traditions) | Gujarati | 133,000 |
| Sikligar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 84,000 |
| Silpi | Telugu | 237,000 |
| Silpkar (Hindu traditions) | Garhwali | 1,043,000 |
| Sindhi Samon | Sindhi | 103,000 |
| Sirvi | Hindi | 350,000 |
| Soiri | Hindi | 95,000 |
| Somvanshi | Marathi | 561,000 |
| Sonar (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 9,456,000 |
| Sonar Ajudhyabansi | Hindi | 118,000 |
| Sonar Chhatri | Hindi | 134,000 |
| Sonar Mair | Hindi | 88,000 |
| Sondhia | Hindi | 631,000 |
| Sounti | Odia | 128,000 |
| Sunri (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 733,000 |
| Sunri Sadhubanik | Bengali | 310,000 |
| Sutradhar (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 506,000 |
| Taga (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 628,000 |
| Tamboli (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 2,139,000 |
| Tanti (Hindu traditions) | Bengali | 5,629,000 |
| Tarkhan (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 987,000 |
| Teli (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 21,520,000 |
| Teli Gangauta (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 645,000 |
| Teli Sahu | Marathi | 91,000 |
| Teli Sribastab | Hindi | 340,000 |
| Thadou | Chin, Thado | 245,000 |
| Thakar | Marathi | 99,000 |
| Thakkar | Marathi | 658,000 |
| Thandan (Hindu traditions) | Malayalam | 261,000 |
| Tharu | Bhojpuri | 522,000 |
| Thathera (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 407,000 |
| Thori (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 1,065,000 |
| Tili | Bengali | 1,279,000 |
| Tipera | Kok Borok | 775,000 |
| Tiwa | Assamese | 273,000 |
| Tiyar | Bengali | 555,000 |
| Turaiha | Bhojpuri | 409,000 |
| Turi (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 390,000 |
| Urali | Malayalam | 80,000 |
| Vaddar (Hindu traditions) | Telugu | 4,097,000 |
| Vakkaliga Gangadikara | Kannada | 605,000 |
| Vakkaliga Kunchitiga | Kannada | 271,000 |
| Vakkaliga unspecified | Kannada | 7,581,000 |
| Valan | Malayalam | 103,000 |
| Valluvan | Tamil | 132,000 |
| Valmiki tribal | Telugu | 84,000 |
| Vaniyan | Tamil | 1,073,000 |
| Vanjara | Marathi | 1,080,000 |
| Vannan (Hindu traditions) | Tamil | 116,000 |
| Vanniyan | Tamil | 14,336,000 |
| Vanniyan Agnikula | Tamil | 663,000 |
| Vanniyan Kamakshiamma | Tamil | 105,000 |
| Varli | Varli | 1,403,000 |
| Velakkithalanayan | Malayalam | 408,000 |
| Velama | Telugu | 484,000 |
| Velan | Malayalam | 96,000 |
| Vellalan Isai | Tamil | 158,000 |
| Vellalan Nanchilnattu | Tamil | 221,000 |
| Vellalan Nanjanad | Tamil | 226,000 |
| Vellalan Sozhia | Tamil | 165,000 |
| Vellalan Tondamandalam | Tamil | 234,000 |
| Vellalan unspecified | Tamil | 2,033,000 |
| Vellalan Virakodi | Tamil | 132,000 |
| Veluthadanayar | Malayalam | 230,000 |
| Vettuvan | Malayalam | 130,000 |
| Viswakarma Asari | Malayalam | 785,000 |
| Viswakarma Kollan | Malayalam | 216,000 |
| Viswakarma Panchal | Kannada | 104,000 |
| Viswakarma Thattan | Malayalam | 228,000 |
| Viswakarma unspecified | Tamil | 8,652,000 |
| Yadav (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 46,502,000 |
| Yadav Dhindhor | Hindi | 1,724,000 |
| Yadav Gaoli | Hindi | 5,490,000 |
| Yadav Ghosi | Hindi | 1,772,000 |
| Yadav Gola | Telugu | 5,498,000 |
| Yadav Gualbans (Hindu traditions) | Hindi | 5,443,000 |
| Yadav Jadubans | Hindi | 698,000 |
| Yadav Kamariha | Hindi | 470,000 |
| Yadav Kaonra | Hindi | 758,000 |
| Yadav Nandbans | Hindi | 538,000 |
| Yadav Rawat | Hindi | 1,609,000 |
| Yadav Sadgope | Bengali | 3,025,000 |
| Yenadi | Telugu | 788,000 |
| Yerukula | Telugu | 622,000 |
| Zeliang | Naga, Zeme | 117,000 |